Curriculum Overview

Secondary Curriculum: Humanities

The Humanities program seeks to develop students' critical writing and thinking skills while instilling a sense of responsibility for and service to the world, its inhabitants, and its heritage. Students are introduced to the history of the world, from the earliest development of civilization to the present, as well as to some of the greatest works of literature.

Students not only master the art of writing the persuasive, expository, and descriptive essay but they also learn how to write a research paper in MLA format, utilizing all library resources. Peer review of essays as well as grammatical exercises assist students in improving their SAT scores.

Material is selected to engage student interest and understanding of major literary and historical concepts and patterns while emphasizing the interconnection of such issues as religion, race, gender, and class. By examining the relationship between historical events and attitudes in the past and those of the current day, we hope to instill a sense of understanding, tolerance, and respect toward the diversity of belief in the modern world.

While the acquisition of factual information about the past contributes to the cultural literacy of our students, the program emphasizes the importance of a personal dialogue with the past that allows students to know themselves more fully as individuals and prepares them to respond to the ever changing historical and cultural context of life in an increasingly global society.

English Department

Sixth-Grade English
Grade 6
10 credits
Students read short stories and poetry and participate in lively discussions. They write responses to their reading and explore a variety of genres, including essays, interviews, and letters to fictional characters. Throughout the year, students also receive a comprehensive grammar, spelling, and vocabulary review. Their writing instruction culminates in papers that emphasize logic, clarity, and revision. Students take an active part in their learning through peer assessment, dramatic readings, and oral presentation. Their reading includes novels, short stories, and poetry.

Seventh-Grade English
Grade 7
10 credits
Students are drawn into the human imagination as they read works that include novels, poems, short stories, and a Shakespearean comedy. They build vocabulary and dictionary skills and are taught how new words can be understood from context. Students learn how to structure strong paragraphs with clear topic sentences and how to support an essay’s thesis with logically organized paragraphs. Comprehensive grammar instruction focuses on basic sentence structure, avoiding fragments and run-ons.

Eighth-Grade English
Grade 8
10 credits
This class emphasizes critical reading skills. Students read short stories, drama, and poetry that examine the individual’s struggles to discover his or her identity. Expository writing focuses on the five-paragraph essay, the development and organization of ideas, revising, and proofreading. Discovery of a personal voice is encouraged through creative-writing assignments and the keeping of a reading journal. Weekly grammar instruction emphasizes the development of both formal skills and a personal voice. Additionally, eighth-grade students begin a comprehensive four-year vocabulary-building program in preparation for the SAT exam at the completion of their junior year.

English I (Myths and Legends)
Grade 9
10 credits
This course examines the ways in which ancient myths and legends continue to influence today’s world. In reading translations of original Greek, Roman, Middle-Eastern, European, and Asian myths, students examine universal human concerns, the presence of ancient myths in modern culture, and the art and uses of poetry. Through the study of Homer’s Odyssey, students learn the conventions of epic poetry and examine the notion of the hero. Grammar instruction emphasizes mechanics and sentence structure in increasing complexity. Students enter the second year of the four-year vocabulary program.

English II (World Literature)
10 credits
Students encounter literature from diverse cultures while exploring religious and philosophical issues. Through their reading journals, students are encouraged to reflect on their exploration of morality, religion, politics, and personal values. They write persuasive essays and learn how to cite printed and electronic sources. Students practice polishing and tightening sentences, omitting needless words, avoiding repetition, and enter the third year of the four-year vocabulary program. This course complements World Cultures.

English III (American Literature)
Grade 11
10 credits
Students read major American authors such as Poe, Hawthorne, Emerson, Melville, Longfellow, Dickinson, Twain, Fitzgerald, and Ellison and explore a developing American culture. Students build their own voices in writing and deepen their understanding of the writing process through their reading journals. They are guided in the use of electronic research, and learn to identify reliable sources. In preparation for the SAT, students complete the four-year vocabulary program. This course complements United States History.

*Exceptional students may petition the Academic Dean to prepare and sit for the Advanced Placement Exam for English Language and Composition. Qualifying students make arrangements with the instructor to complete extra assignments and attend additional meeting times.

English IV (English Literature)
Grade 12
10 credits
This course surveys five hundred years of English literature and the growth of the English language as students explore the richness of English vocabulary and syntax. As the course develops, students appreciate how writers influence each other and how a literary tradition is formed over time. Students record their responses to the literature in their reading journals as they study the Anglo-Saxon period, the Renaissance, the Enlightenment, the Romantics, Victorians, and the modern era. Seniors further develop their personal voice while refining their expository writing skills.

Advanced Placement English IV (English Literature)
Literature and Composition
10 credits
In addition to offering an in-depth exploration of English literature, this course helps students develop advanced skills in interpreting and analyzing through a close study of poetry, drama, and fiction. This class is intended as the equivalent of a college-level literature course and stresses fundamental interpretive strategies: the distinction between figurative and literal language, classic figures of speech, the logic of metaphor, imitative form, authorial intention, local detail and overall purpose, semantic and symbolic ambiguity. To prepare students for the Advanced Placement Literature and Composition exam in May, most writing is done in class using prior AP tests. In addition, timed exercises train students to write rapidly, fluidly, and with attention to usage and grammar.

Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor and the Academic Dean

Advanced Composition/College Prep
Grades 11 & 12
5 credits
This course is required for all juniors and seniors. The purpose of this course is twofold: first, to strengthen skills needed to do well on the SAT and SAT2 Writing Test; and second, to provide the tools needed to improve writing skills and prepare students to write at the college level. To this end, considerable class time is spent practicing timed writing and polishing grammar skills. Additionally, the instructor works closely with the College Counselor to guide students through the college application process. The course also provides an opportunity to explore the interrelationships among reading, writing, and thinking, and to emphasize revision as a means of developing a voice in one’s writing. Students learn to develop strong writing that is logically reasoned and supported with facts and outside sources, while demonstrating clarity, coherence, organization, grace, and style.

History Department

Ancient World History
Grade 6
10 credits
This course is a survey of the major Western and non-Western ancient civilizations up to the Middle Ages, integrating geography throughout. Students draw from their understanding of geography and its significance in the development of the human story. While studying the ancient world, students should acquire a sense of the everyday life of the people; their struggles and accomplishments; their relationships to the developing social, economic, and political structures of their society; the tools and technology they invented; the role of trade in their lives and its impact on cultural diffusion; the arts, architecture, and literature they produced; their spiritual beliefs and understandings of the natural world. Students develop critical thinking, map, writing, note taking, and beginning research skills while analyzing the interactions among the various cultures, emphasizing their enduring contributions and the link, despite time, between the contemporary and ancient worlds.

Modern World History
Grade 7
10 credits
This course begins with the Renaissance and continues through to World War II, integrating geography throughout. Students observe how the beginnings of modern science can be found during the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries and how these developments spurred European leadership in commerce and helped to usher in the age of exploration and the Enlightenment. In addition, seventh-graders examine how the significant Enlightenment ideas affected democratic revolutions in England, the United States, France, and Latin America. While tracing the emergence of global capitalism, students explore the industrial revolution and the rise of imperialism and colonialism. The emergence of nationalism, imperialism, and militarism provides the conditions for consideration of the Great War, which significantly changed the map of Europe and deeply affected the rest of the world. Students make connections between the aftermath of the Great War and how it eventually led to the rise of totalitarianism and World War II. Students continue to develop critical thinking, map, writing, note taking, public speaking, and beginning research skills.

United States History
Grade 8
10 credits
The United States History course will provide a broad foundation of the nation, and students will explore the democratic ideas of the Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution. Throughout the course, students will examine how the ideals of the republic have been tested throughout U.S. history. Students then learn about the challenges facing the new nation, with an emphasis on the causes, course, and long-lasting consequences of the Civil War. Students will examine the industrial transformation of the new nation combined with the massive immigration that took place in the United States at the turn of the (twentieth) century, and they will trace the social and economic conditions that ensued. This course will further emphasize the major turning points during the twentieth century when the United States becomes increasingly a world power, and students will be able to make connections between their historical knowledge and contemporary events. In addition to learning about the major actors, political leaders, and social movements throughout U.S. history, students will also learn about the social and cultural experiences of everyday people living in the United States. During the year, students will spend five days in Washington, D.C., our nation’s capitol and Colonial Williamsburg, Virginia, and learn (first-hand) about colonial life and the foundations of United States history. Students further develop critical thinking, map, writing, note taking, public speaking, and beginning research skills.

World Cultures I
Grade 9
10 credits
This course is the first part of a two-year survey of the history of world civilizations. The course covers the period from the formation of the first civilizations at around 3000 BCE to approximately 1500 CE. In studying a number of cultures that have developed both in association and in isolation, students examine fundamental questions about human nature and the human need to construct meaningful cultural representations of fundamental values, beliefs, fears, and aspirations. While philosophical and political systems are stressed, students will also look at how various cultures represent themselves through the creation of art, literature, music, and other cultural products. In addition to lecture, the class revolves around discussions of primary source materials, visual arts, architectural monuments, and literature.

World Cultures II
Grade 10
10 credits
This course is a survey of the history of world civilizations, and the main text is A History of World Societies, by J. McKay, B. Hill, J. Buckler & Patricia Ebrey. The course covers a significant chronological ground, beginning in the period of the formation of the first civilizations at around 3000 BCE and continuing to the present day. The first semester brings students up to the end of the European Renaissance, and the second semester begins with the age of discovery and ends in 2007. World Cultures is organized around universal historical themes that appear and reappear in different times and places. Through case studies of civilizations and their encounters with one another, students learn how human societies can change dramatically even as they are shaped by the geography, the religious beliefs and cultural traditions, and the political and economic structures they have inherited from the past. Students will also look at how various cultures represent themselves through the creation of art, literature, music, and other cultural products. In addition to lecture, the class revolves around discussions of primary source materials, visual arts, architectural monuments, and literature. This course complements English II: World Literature.

United States History
Grade 11
10 credits
Major themes and issues of American history, from the time of Native American settlement before the Age of European discovery through the important issues of the twentieth century are explored. In addition to examining the important questions of who, what, where, and when, the course focuses on why historical events happened. Students will explore various topics such as the impact of diversity on the social and cultural development of the United States, the role that European political thinking—and particularly Enlightenment thought—played in the development of American governmental institutions, the emergence and meaning of America’s role as the major world power, the movements toward equal rights for racial minorities and women, and the consequences of America’s growth as a material and largely Protestant civilization. This course complements English III: American Literature and offers cross-curricular integration with Arts courses.

*Exceptional students may petition the Academic Dean to prepare and sit for the Advanced Placement Exam for United States History. Qualifying students make arrangements with the instructor to complete extra assignments and attend additional meeting times.

Art History
Grades 11 & 12
10 credits
AP Art History is designed to provide the same benefits to secondary school students as those provided by an introductory college course in art history: an understanding and enjoyment of architecture, sculpture, painting and other art forms within historical and cultural contexts. Students broaden their understanding of historical events through the study of visual images and monuments, focusing on the integral relationship between the two. The course covers work from a variety of cultures, and students learn a variety of methods by which to analyze works of art critically, with both intelligence and sensitivity. In addition to slide based discussion, students write responses to actual works during two required field trips to local museums and two independent visits to museums of their choice.

Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor and the Academic Dean

*Exceptional students may petition the Academic Dean to prepare and sit for the Advanced Placement Exam for Art History. Qualifying students make arrangements with the instructor to complete extra assignments and attend additional meeting times.

Civics
Grade 12
10 credits
Students learn the fundamentals of the American political system and think critically about the controversies that surround them. They read the Constitution and the Bill of Rights, thoroughly explore the three branches of government, grapple with the inconsistencies and paradoxes of the political system, and interpret some of the most significant Supreme Court decisions based on their growing understanding of these documents and dilemmas. In Civics class, twelfth-graders will be encouraged to debate contemporary issues affecting U.S. citizens at the local, state, national, and international levels, and this dialogue will broaden their understanding of current events in order to prepare them to be well-informed citizens. Students will also be required to participate in the political process by volunteering in a political experience and/or social cause during the course. Seniors will write analytical essays, evaluate primary and secondary sources, take and defend positions on political topics, and apply their knowledge in oral and written presentations.